Basal Cell Carcinoma

Approximately 80% of all skin cancers are categorized as basal cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer that develops in the basal cells, located in the lowest layer of the epidermis. Approximately one million people are diagnosed with this form of skin cancer in the United States each year.

Basal cell carcinoma usually shows up on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun, such as the face, nose, head, ears, arms, chest, and other areas of the upper body that have received the most sun exposure. It can take years for these tumors to develop into a more noticeable size.

Once its grown into a noticeable size, it can have a variety of appearances. It can appear as a pearly or translucent nodule. It may develop a sore that continuously heals and then re-opens. The growth may also be elevated and slightly pink. Some individuals may even notice a waxy scar or a reddish patch of skin that simply looks irritated.

The good news, however, is that these tumors don’t usually metastasize or spread to other parts of the body. The main issue is damage of the surrounding tissue.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This type of skin cancer accounts for approximately 16% of all skin cancer cases. The cancer starts in the squamous cell, found in the upper layer of the epidermis. About 200,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma each year.

Those individuals who are most susceptible are those that have fair skin, are middle-aged or older, and have a history of extensive sun exposure. Squamous cell carcinoma appears as a crusty or scaly area of the skin that is red and inflamed at the base. It may look like a growing tumor, an ulcer that won’t heal or a patch of skin that is crusted over.

This is also a cancer that tends to be found on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun. However, it can be found virtually anywhere on the skin, including the genitalia and the inside of the mouth. This form of skin cancer needs early, swift intervention because it tendency to metastasize.

Melanoma

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Melanoma accounts for approximately 4% of diagnosed skin cancers. This form of skin cancer begins in the melanocytes, cells in the bottom later of the epidermis that produce the skin’s pigment.

Though less common, melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer because of its ability to rapidly metastasize and spread to internal organs and the lymphatic system. Every hour, one person in the United States dies from melanoma. The highest mortality rate is amongst white Caucasian men, and it is believed that this may be due to a lack of attention to early warning signs.

Melanoma can be difficult to identify—it can develop on an existing mole or may appear as though a new mole has developed. It is because of this that it is essential for individuals to monitor the appearance of their moles so they can notice is there are changes. If there are changes in color, size, border, or shape, it may be a sign that melanoma is present.

Fortunately, when caught in its early states, melanoma has a 95% chance of being cured. However, the prognosis may be grave it is has begun spreading.

There are other non-melanoma skin cancers, but they account for less than 1% of cases. These non-melanoma skin cancers include Merkel cell carcinoma and a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Treatment

If skin cancer is suspected, your dermatologist or doctor will perform a biopsy to determine if skin cancer is really the issue. There are two main types of biopsies: The first is an excisional biopsy, which involves removing the entire tumor and surrounding tissue, and is usually performed when Melanoma is suspected. The second option is an incisional biopsy, in which just a portion of the area is removed in order to acquire a sample.

After the biopsy is performed, the sample or tumor is examined under a microscope to determine whether it is cancerous and, if so, what kind of cancer it is. If cancer is found, your dermatologist will discuss the best treatment options.

The treatment depends on the type of skin cancer, the location of it, how developed it is, how aggressive it is, and the overall health of the patient. In some cases, the skin cancer may just need to be removed through a very minor surgery. In more extreme cases, the skin cancer may need to be removed and radiation or chemotherapy treatments are administered, especially if the cancer has metastasized.

Additional resources:
“Where Skin Cancer Develops.” Mayo Clinic.
“Pictures to Help Identify Melanoma.” Mayo Clinic.
“Skin Cancer Facts.” Skin Cancer Foundation.

We’ve all rolled down the window to enjoy a warm breeze on short and long drives alike. And it’s likely that you may have even noticed some extra color on that arm that was waving in the breeze. But what we don’t realize is how much that repeated unprotected sun exposure may put us at risk for skin cancer and sun damage.

According to the Chicago Sun-Times, motorists who drive with their window open may be putting their left arm and left side at risk for sun cancer. In instances that skin cancer develops on one side of the body, 52-52% of cases are on the left side of the body. The report also states that 55% of Merkel cell carcinoma cases on the upper arms developed on the left side. Conversely, in countries such as Australia that drive on the left side of the road, a 1986 study found that Australian men were more likely to develop cancerous growths on their right side.

So what to do? Wear sunscreen, of course! Sadly, this is another example of unknown but frequent sun damage. And remember, our sunscreens reflect the sun’s damaging rays while still allowing you to get a little of that Vitamin D you need! Drive safely.

Use this guide when checking your moles and if any of these characteristics apply to a particular mole, be sure to check with your doctor or a dermatologist immediately.

Asymmetry: Moles are generally round or at least similar on both sides.  If one half of the mole does not match the other half, or if a previously symmetrical mole develops skin growth which increases in size it should be examined by a doctor.

Border: Borders of normal moles are generally smooth. If the edge of the mole is notably ragged, notched, uneven or blurred, it should be shown to a doctor. Moles with skin cancer may have uneven borders.

Color: The mole should be an even color. If the mole is a mix of brown, black and tan rather than a generally even color you should ensure it is looked at by a doctor. Also if the mole bleeds without aggravation or appears red or blue this is cause for concern.

Diameter: If the mole is larger than a pencil eraser (6 mm), it must be checked by a doctor. Even if a mole is smaller than that, change in a mole’s size is an important sign of melanoma.

Check your body thoroughly at least every three months; include your scalp, feet, and areas not exposed to sunlight. If you have quite a few moles, it is especially important to keep an eye on any changes. If you think a mole might be changing, take a extremely close up photo. Take a photo with the same lighting conditions every month, and if you notice changes, make an appointment immediately. If any of your moles stand out from the others or if a mole starts bleeding for no apparent reason, you should always consult your doctor.

If your doctor has any reason for concern, he or she will biopsy the mole–but don’t worry, it’s a quick and practically painless process. Follow these simple steps for the rest of your life and be proud of your proactive, preventative approach to your health!

Skin cancer, although it seems small, can be quite deadly if it is not caught on time. The American Cancer Society has stated that most of the 1 million cases of skin cancer diagnosed each year could be prevented with proper sun protection.

Skin of every type and color is susceptible to skin cancer. It is most common in individuals with fair skin who have a tendency to burn, have freckles, or who have a family history of skin cancer. Yet as melanoma has been known to develop in individuals with darker skin as well as in areas unexposed to the sun, all ages, races, and skin tones should protect themselves from sun damage.

When UV rays from the sun cause DNA to become damaged, the body can usually repair it, but after continued accumulation, that repair may not be possible. The damaged cells continue to multiply, causing a tumor, and this is how skin cancer begins.

Skin cancer usually develops in the epidermis—the outermost skin layer—which is why skin cancer tumors are usually quite visible and usually detectable in the early stages. (For more on screening yourself for skin cancer, see Early Detection.)

Many individuals do not develop skin cancer for 20 to 40 years after they have had the extensive sun exposure that damaged the DNA. Thus, individuals who have taken great precautions for several years could still be at risk based on habits from decades prior.

Unfortunately, the number of skin cancer cases is on the rise. Most people know that excess sun exposure can lead to skin cancer, but most do not do what they need to protect their skin from the sun’s rays. If these trends continue, 1 in 5 people in America will have skin cancer at some point in their life.

Moisturizing
Keep your skin moisturized, no matter what your skin type (that includes you, moisture-avoiding oily-skin types!). Look for products with hydrating and nourishing substances such as shea butter, avocado, grapeseed and macadamia oils, manuka honey and d-panthenol.

For sensitive or problem skin, it’s best to look for products that are non-comedogenic, oil-free, preservative free (parabens), and free of dyes and fragrances.

Sun Protection
No matter what the weather, a key to life-long, healthy skin is to protect yourself from the daily environmental and sun damage that happens year-round. Over time, the sun’s UV rays damage skin tissue through oxidation caused by a reduction of hyaluronic acid. This process can be significantly slowed through consistent use of sunscreen and wearing protective clothing and hats are the first step. Using the right ingredients can help rectify both of these issues.

Nutrition and Supplements
Most of your living skin cells are in your dermis—the main structural layer where your collagen, elastin and keratin proteins are produced. To maintain these as you age, a few natural ingredients can help. A few anti-oxidants effective at combating oxidative stress on your skin are coenzyme Q10 and natural vitamin E. Visit your local health food store and talk to your doctor before adding supplements to your diet, especially if you currently take any medications.

Meanwhile, continuing or developing a diet rich in proteins and naturally-derived vitamins and minerals—such as Omega-3 fatty acids—will support an overall lifestyle of wellness, inside and out.

You can also read more about “Essential Nutrients for Healthy Skin” here.

On the way to the beach, the pool or the park, have you ever wondered if you’ve missed a spot–or something more–in your sunscreen application?

Check out these tips for sun protection peace of mind:

• Use sunscreen for your skin type. For oily skin, use a lightweight oil-free sunscreen. For dry skin, choose a heavy moisturizing sunscreen cream or lotion.

• Don’t use sunscreen after its expiration date. If there’s no expiration date, toss it after about a year.

• After use, make sure the sunscreen container is tightly sealed. Store it in a cool, dry place in order to increase its shelf life.

• Apply sunscreen about 15 to 20 minutes before you venture out in the sunlight. This gives the sunscreen ample time to get absorbed into the skin and protect against sun damage.

• Reapply several times throughout the day, and more frequently if you’ve been in or near water.

• Be generous with your application. Take up to an ounce of sunscreen in your palm and slather it on to all the exposed parts of your body including your ears, neck, shoulders, chest, back, hands and feet.

• Don’t forget your face! Always apply an SPF lip balm or stick to your lips, eyelids, nose, tops of your ears, and scalp.

Even the most thorough sunscreen applications frequently miss these easy techniques and practices. Start early and often and reap the rewards of unburnt, protected skin.

Sunscreens protect the skin against sun damage. However, you may still be vulnerable to the harmful ultraviolet radiation of sunlight in spite using sunscreen frequently if you use the wrong SPF.

What is SPF? SPF is the Sun Protection Factor that tells you about how long a person can stay protected from the UVB rays of the sun. For example, if a person can stay in the sunlight for 15 minutes without getting burnt, an SPF 30 sunscreen can increase the time thirty times over, i.e. if originally a person can sustain sunlight for 15 minutes, by applying a sunscreen with SPF 30, he/she can stay in the sun for 15 x 30 = 450 minutes (7.5 hours).

Generally, SPF 15 suffices most people and allows them to be out in the sun for about 2 hours before experiencing signs like skin redness. However, an ironical fact is SPF 15 protects against 93 percent of UVB radiation, whereas SPF 30 defends against 97 percent of the same.

What SPF Do You Need? Generally, an SPF 15 is enough if you are indoors most of the time and just need to avoid incidental exposure. But if you need to spend a longer time outside in the sun, you should use a sunscreen with SPF 30 or more. People with fair skin and those who have extra sensitive skin should choose to use a sunscreen with SPF 50 that guarantees 99 percent protection.

–Dr. Marilynn Syrett. For the full article, visit: http://www.articlesbase.com/skin-care-articles/spf-what-to-know-about-it-823920.html

Your skin is one of the most revealing indicators of your health. Today, a growing number of healthcare professionals are finding links between skin irritations, disorders, diseases, and even skin cancer with problems in nutrition as well as exposure to toxins in food and personal care products.

With so many sources promoting the latest vitamin or antioxidant, here’s a basic overview of the top nutrients and minerals important for healthy skin as well as options for how to integrate them into your diet.

Vitamin C, E & A-

Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid, and it has been widely established for rejuvenating the skin, making it look younger and more lustrous. More importantly, vitamin C is highly effective at reducing free radical damage from the sun or pollution. Foods high in vitamin C include citrus fruits, broccoli, bell peppers, guava, kale and more.

Vitamin E is recognized as one of the strongest antioxidants, and as such, it can be helpful in reducing the effects of sun exposure. In addition to topical creams, oils and moisturizers with Vitamin E, it can be found in nuts, soybeans, spinach, peaches, tomatoes, and more.

Vitamin A is important for repair and maintenance of the skin. As high levels of vitamin A in the body can be harmful, its best to get your daily dose from foods such as carrots, apricots, collard greens, spinach, sweet potatoes and cantaloupe.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega 3s are an essential fatty acid—one which must be consumed and cannot be made by the body—and a vital nutrient for proper heart, brain, and sensory function. Omega 3s are also essential needed by body to maintain healthy skin. It is believed to help your skin retain moisture, repair itself, reduce inflammation, and a soft texture. Aside from supplements, foods rich in Omega-3s include cold water fish such as salmon and mackerel, safflower oil and flaxseed.

Selenium

This trace mineral is essential to good health, but only required in small amounts. Selenium is an antioxidant that helps maintain tissue elasticity—important for maintaining youthful complexion and skin repair. Selenium is found in many foods regularly consumed from oatmeal and rice to tuna and beef.

Silica

Silica is a mineral essential to the health of the body’s connective tissues and calcium management. We are born with high silica to calcium ratios and as we age, the silica levels drop, creating the physical effects of aging. Silica is essential to nail, skin, and hair health.

Zinc

Required by the body for the proper immune system function, good eyesight, smell and taste, Zinc is also an excellent nutrient for treating acne, as it controls and balances the skin’s oil production. Zinc is also believed to play a large part in survival rates of men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Foods rich in zinc include oysters, ginger, pecans, oats, eggs, pumpkin seeds and more.

In June 2007, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) released a study showing that over 650 sunscreen products used in the United States are either ineffective or cause harmful side effects. That represents 83% of the 785 name-brand sunscreens with SPF ratings or 15 or higher that the EWG analyzed.A full 12% of all of the sunscreens analyzed by the EWG protect only from sunburn (ultraviolet B or UVB radiation), containing no ingredients that protect from skin damage and aging, immune system problems, and potential skin cancer (ultraviolet A or UVA radiation).

According to the report, many of the problems derive from the complex formulation of newer sunscreens. For example, some sunscreen chemicals can break down when they are exposed to sunlight so those products must be formulated with stabilizers. The EWG noted that 54% of the products it examined contain ingredients that may be unstable alone or in combination; this raises questions about whether the products last as long as their label claims they do. Just 17% of the products analyzed for the study were found to be safe and effective, blocking both UVA and UVB radiation, remaining stable in sunlight, and containing few or no ingredients with significant known or suspected health hazards. Many of these products contain micronized and nano-scale zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which provide strong UVA protection. Repeated studies have found that these ingredients do not penetrate healthy skin, indicating that consumers’ exposures would be minimal. However, studies on other nano-scale materials have raised concerns about their toxic properties.

- From “Problems Found With 650 U.S. Sunscreens” by Paul Penders. 2007. Article source: http://www.articlesbase.com/cosmetics-articles/problems-found-with-650-us-sunscreens-202624.html

About the Author: Paul Penders is the founder of Paul Penders organic skin and hair care, a unique line of organic, cold-blended products incorporating ingredients from the oldest rainforest in the world: http://www.paulpenders.com.

We love the Environmental Working Group’s Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce and its clear, easy-to-use guidelines. We’ve all seen organic produce in grocery stores–but not so many of us have committed to an all-organic diet, let alone knowing the foods that are most important to buy organic. First, EWG lists what they call “The Dirty Dozen”–produce that should be bought organic due to pesticides and other factors normally making them more toxic when grown conventionally. The second group–the “Clean 15″–are fruits and veggies that are safer to get without the organic stamp of approval. Without getting into the all the dirty details, here’s a preview of their guidelines:

The Dirty Dozen
Buy These Organic

1-Apples
2-Celery
3- Strawberries
4- Peaches
5- Spinach
6- Nectarines (imported)
7- Grapes (imported)
8- Red Peppers/Sweet bell peppers
9- Potatoes
10- Blueberries (domestic)
11- Lettuce
12- Kale/collard greens

The Clean 15
Lowest in Pesticide

1- Onions
2- Sweet Corn
3- Pineapples
4- Avocado
5-Asparagus
6- Peas/Sweet peas
7-Mangoes
8- Eggplant
9- Cantaloupe
(domestic)
10-Kiwi
11-Cabbage
12-Watermelon
13-Sweet Potatoes
14-Grapefruit
15-Mushrooms

Also, we are big fans of buying local produce at farmers markets! Attending a local farmers market is a great experience to try fresh, local food AND meet the people who grow it! (And don’t forget your sunscreen–most markets are open air!)
Have a tip about something you always buy organic or local? Share it with the rest of us!